Abstract The African continent, with its history of regional cooperation rooted in Pan-Africanism, has faced numerous challenges since independence, including internal disputes, neocolonialism, and underdevelopment. The Organization of African Unity (OAU), established in 1963, operated modestly in addressing security issues, especially amidst the violent civil wars of the post-Cold War era. As international responses, notably …

Abstract It has evolved into norm the professional activity aimed generally at enriching and enhancing individual and group development or the admission by social workers, the methodological approaches of the natural sciences by the social science disciplines has remained elusive. Much as the focus of the natural scientist differs from that of the social worker, …

Abstract The principle of Equal Consideration of Interests ought to govern our treatment of animals. Instead, however, the current treatment of animals is dominated by speciesism, a prejudice against taking seriously the interests of beings who are not members of our species. This prejudice resembles other prejudices such as racism and sexism. The worst forms …